NON-CORPORATE EXISTENCE

COMES NOW Raymond: Groves Jr., the natural living flesh and blood man, a peaceful American National on the land, under oath, who states that the following information is of his own personal knowledge, and belief as well as that bequeathed by his Ancestors.

Be it known to all courts, governments, and parties, that I, Raymond: Groves Jr., am a natural, freeborn Sovereign, without subjects. I am neither subject to any entity anywhere, nor is any entity subject to me. I neither dominate anyone, nor am I dominated.

My authority for this statement is the same as it is for all free Sovereigns everywhere: the age-old, timeless, and universal respect for the intrinsic rights, property, freedoms, and responsibilities of the Sovereign Individual.

I am not a “person” when such term is defined in the statutes of the United States or statutes of the several states when such definition includes artificial entities. I refuse to be treated as a federally or state created entity that is only capable of exercising certain rights, privileges, or immunities as specifically granted by federal or state governments.

I voluntarily choose to comply with the man-made laws which serve to bring harmony and peace to society, but no such laws, nor their enforcers, have any authority over me. I am not in any jurisdiction, for I am not of subject status.

Consistent with the eternal tradition of natural common law, unless I have harmed or violated someone or their property, I have committed no crime; and am therefore not subject to any penalty.

I act in accordance with the following U.S. Supreme Court case: Hale v. Henkel as it offers additional protection of “life, liberty and property” without regard to nationality, political or socioeconomic status.

"The individual may stand upon his constitutional rights as a citizen. He is entitled to carry on his private business in his own way. His power to contract is unlimited. He owes no such duty [to submit his books and papers for an examination] to the State, since he receives nothing therefrom, beyond the protection of his life and property. His rights are such as existed by the law of the land [Common Law] long antecedent to the organization of the State and can only be taken from him by due process of law and in accordance with the Constitution, Among his rights are a refusal to incriminate himself, and the immunity of himself and his property from arrest or seizure except under a warrant of the law. He owes nothing to the public so long as he does not trespass upon their rights."

– Hale v. Henkel, 201 U.S. 43 at 47 (1905).

Thus, be it known to all, I reserve my natural common law right to not be compelled to perform under any contract that I did not enter into knowingly, voluntarily, or intentionally.

And furthermore, I do not accept the liability associated with the compelled and pretended “benefit” of any hidden or unrevealed contract or commercial agreement.

As such, the hidden or unrevealed contracts that supposedly create obligations to perform, for persons of subject status, are inapplicable to me, and are null and void. If I have participated in any of the supposed “benefits” associated with these hidden contracts, I have done so under duress, for lack of any other practical alternative. I may have received such “benefits”, but I have not accepted them in a manner that binds me to anything.

Any such participation does not constitute “acceptance” in contract law, because of the absence of full disclosure of any valid “offer”, and voluntary consent, without misrepresentation or coercion, under contract law, without a valid voluntary "offer and acceptance", knowingly entered into by both parties, there is no “meeting of the minds”, and therefore no valid contract. Any supposed “contract” is therefore void, ab initio [from the beginning].

From my age of consent to the date affixed below, I have never signed a contract knowingly, willingly, intelligently, or voluntarily whereby I have waived any of my natural common law rights, and, as such, Take Notice that I revoke, cancel, and make void ab initio my signature on any and all contracts, agreements, forms, or any instruments which may be construed in any way to give any agency or department of any federal or state government authority, venue, or jurisdiction over me.

This position is in accordance with the U.S. Supreme Court decision of

Brady v. U.S., 379 U.S.742 at 748 (1970):

“Waivers of Constitutional Rights not only must be voluntary, but they must also be knowingly, intelligent acts, done with sufficient awareness of the relevant circumstances and consequences.”

Typical examples of such compelled and pretended benefits are:

1. The use of Federal Reserve Notes to discharge my debts. I have used these only because in America, there is no other widely recognized currency.

2. The use of a bank account number, with my signature on the bank signature card. If there is any hidden contract behind the bank signature card, my signature thereon gives no validity to it. The signature is only for verification of identity. I cannot be obligated to fulfill any hidden or unrevealed contract whatsoever, due to the absence of full disclosure and voluntary consent.

Likewise, my use of the bank account thereof is due to the absence of a bank not associated with the Federal Reserve System. In general, people have been prevented from issuing their own currencies, and such prevention is in violation of the United States Constitution. Were there an alternative, I would be happy to use it. To not use any bank account at all is impossible or very difficult, as most everyone knows, in today’s market.

3. The use of a Social Security number. The number normally assigned to persons of subject status, I use exceptionally, under duress, only because of the extreme inconvenience of operating without one in today’s marketplace, where is required by banks, employers, lenders, and many other government agencies and businesses. My reason for using it is not because I wish to participate in the Social Security system as it is presently structured. Let it be known that I use the Social Security number assigned to me for information purposes only.

4. The use of a driver’s license. As a free Sovereign, there is no legal requirement for me to have such a license for traveling in my automobile. Technically, the unrevealed legal purposes of driver’s licenses are commercial in nature. Since I don’t carry passengers for hire, there is no law requiring me to have a license to travel for my pleasure and that of my family and friends.

However, because of the lack of education of police officers (policy enforcers) on this matter, should I be stopped for any reason and found without a license, it is likely I would be ticketed and fined, or obligated to appear in court. Therefore, I carry a license, under duress, to avoid extreme inconvenience.

5. State license plates on my car. Similarly, even though my car does not, technically, fit the legal definition of a “motor vehicle”, which is used for commercial purposes, nevertheless, I have registered it with the state and carry the states plates on it, because to have any other plates or no plates at all, causes me to run the risk of police officer harassment and extreme inconvenience.

6. Past tax returns filed. Any tax returns I may have filed in the past, were filed due to the unlawful atmosphere of intimidation and fear created by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), and the local assessor’s office; not because there is any law requiring me to do so. Once I discovered that the IRS and other tax agencies have been misinforming the public, I know it is my lawful right to terminate my voluntary participation because such returns were filed under Threat, Duress, and Coercion (TDC), and no two-way contract was ever signed with full disclosure.

There is nothing in any past filing of returns or payments that created any valid contract, therefore, no legal obligation on my part was ever created.

[Uniform Commercial Code]

7. Birth Certificate. The fact that a birth certificate was assigned to me by a government agency, facilitated by the hospital where I entered this realm of life, is irrelevant to my Sovereignty. No status, high or low, can be assigned to another person through a piece of paper, without the recipient’s full knowledge and consent. Therefore, such a piece of paper provides date and place information only. It includes nothing about jurisdiction, nothing about property ownership, nothing about rights, and nothing about subject status.

The only documents that can have any legal meaning, as it concerns my status in society, are those which I have signed as an adult, with full knowledge and consent, free from misrepresentation or coercion of any kind.

8. Marriage license. The acquisition of a marriage license is now being revealed as being necessary only for slaves. The act of a Sovereign such as myself obtaining a such a license, through social custom and ignorance of law, has no legal effect in changing my status. This is because any such change in status, if any may be supposed to occur, could happen only through a hidden and unrevealed contract or statue. Since no hidden, unrevealed, and undisclosed information, if such exists, cannot be lawfully held to be binding, it is null and void.

9. Protection of life, liberty, and property. These are inalienable rights bestowed upon me from my Creator (GOD) and are not to be infringed upon or denied by any quasi government, its legal writings, legal processes, officers, agents, or employees.

I have never signed a contract knowingly, willingly, intelligently, and voluntarily whereby I have waived any of my natural common law rights, and, as such, Take Notice that I revoke, cancel, and make void ab initio my signature on any and all documents, contracts, agreements, forms, or any instruments which may be construed in any way to give any agency or department of any federal, state, or local government authority, venue, or jurisdiction over me.

I reserve my Creator (GOD) given right to use whatever tool (including any style of firearm) and method at my disposal in defense of my rights. Neither of the above entities have any right to prevent me from doing so, nor any right to bring legal action against me for the use of any tool or method I choose. I also declare that I require no license from any entity to possess any tool I deem necessary in the protection of my rights.

10. Children in public school. The attendance of my children in government-supported “public” schools or government-controlled “private” schools does not create any legal tax obligation for me, nor any other legal obligation, because I never signed a contract agreeing to such obligation for the supposed “privilege” of public-school attendance.

If any of my children have attended government supported “public” or controlled “private” schools, such was done under duress and not out of free will. Be it known that I regard “compulsory state education” as a violation of my rights as a Sovereign of this land called America, my freedom of choice.

11. Declaration of Citizenship. Any document I may have ever signed, in which I answered “yes” to the question, “Are you a U.S. Citizen?” – cannot be used to compromise my status as a Sovereign, nor obligate me to perform in any manner. This is because without full written disclosure of the definition and consequences of such supposed “citizenship”, provided in a document bearing my signature given freely without misrepresentation or coercion, there can be no legally binding contract.

I am NOT a “United States” citizen subject to its jurisdiction. The United States is an entity created by the U.S. Constitution with jurisdiction as described on the following pages of this Affidavit. I am not a “resident of”, an “inhabitant of”, a “franchise of”, a “subject of”, a “ward of”, the “property of”, the “chattel of”, or “subject to the jurisdiction of” any corporate federal government, corporate state government, corporate county government, corporate city government, or corporate municipal body politic created under the authority of the U.S. Constitution. I am not subject to any legislation, department, or agency created by such authorities, nor to the jurisdiction of any employees, officers, or agents deriving their authority therefrom.

Further, I am not a subject of the Administrative and Legislative Article IV Courts of the several states, or Article I Courts of the United States, or bound by any precedents of such courts, deriving their jurisdiction from said authorities.

Take Notice that I hereby revoke, cancel, and make void ab initio any such instrument or any presumed election made by any of the several states or the United States government or any agency or department thereof, that I am, nor every have voluntarily elected to be treated as a United States citizen subject to its jurisdiction, or a resident of any territory, possessions, instrumentality, or enclave under the sovereignty or exclusive jurisdiction of any of the several states, or of the United States as defined in the U.S. Constitution in

Article I, Section 8, Clause 17 and Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2.

12. Past voter registration. Similarly, since no obligation to perform in any manner was ever revealed in print, as part of the requirements for the supposed “privilege” to vote for government officials, any such registration on my part cannot be legal evidence of any obligation to perform.

Likewise, they have NO jurisdiction over me, to any political office. It is my inherent right to vote on elections or issues that I feel affect all of society; NOT because I need anyone to rule over me. On the contrary – I have used the voting process only to instruct my public servants what an Indigenous American and Sovereign would like to be done.

13. Use of the 2-letter state code and zip code. My use of the 2-letter state code and zip code in my “address”, which is secretly codified to indicate United States “federal zone” jurisdiction, has no effect whatsoever on my Sovereign status. Simply by receiving or sending “mail” through a quasi-federal messenger service, the postal service, at a location indicated with to 2-letter state code and zip code, cannot place me under federal jurisdiction or obligation. Such a presumption would be ludicrous. I use these codes only for the purposes of information and making it more efficacious for the U.S. Postal Service to deliver my mail.

14. Use of semantics. There are some immature people with mental imbalances, such as the craving to dominate other people, who masquerade as “government”. Just because they alter the definition of words in the law books to their supposed advantage, doesn’t mean I accept those definitions.

The fact that they define the words “person”, “address”, “mail”, “resident”, “motor vehicle”, “driving”, “passenger”, “employee”, “income”, and many others, in ways different from the common usage, so as to be associated with a subject or slave status, means nothing in real life because the courts have become entangled in the game of semantics, be it known to all courts and all parties, that if I have ever signed any document or spoken any words on record, using words defined by twists in the law books different from the common usage, there can be no effect whatsoever on my Sovereign status in society thereby, nor can there be created any obligation to perform in any manner, by the mere use of such words. Where the meaning in the common dictionary differs from the meaning in the law dictionary, the meaning in the common dictionary prevails, because it is more trustworthy.

15. Compelled and supposed “benefits”. Such compelled and supposed “benefits” include, but are not limited to, the aforementioned typical examples. My use of such alleged “benefits” is under duress only and is with full reservation of all my common law rights. I have waived none of my intrinsic rights and freedoms by my use thereof. Furthermore, my use of such compelled “benefits” may be temporary, until better alternatives become available, practical, and widely recognized.

FEDERAL JURISDICTION

It is further relevant to this Affidavit that any violation of my Rights, Freedom or Property by the U.S. federal government, or any agent thereof, would be an illegal and unlawful excess, clearly outside the limited boundaries of federal jurisdiction. My understanding is that the jurisdiction of the U.S. federal government is defined by Article I, Section 8, Clause 17 of the U.S. Constitution, quoted as follows:

"The Congress shall have the power to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (NOT EXCEEDING TEN MILES SQUARE) as may, by cession of particular states and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Government of the United States, [District of Columbia] and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock yards and other needful Buildings; And, To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers...

and Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2:

"The Congress shall have the Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.

The definition of the "United States" being used here then, is limited to its territories:

1. The District of Columbia

2. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

3. U.S. Virgin Islands

4. Guam

5. American Samoa

6. Northern Mariana Islands

7. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

8. Military bases within the several states

9. Federal agencies within the several states

The definition does not include the several states themselves, as is confirmed by the following two cites:

"We have in our political system a Government of the United States and a government [governments] of each of the several States. Each one of these governments is distinct from the others, and each has citizens of its own who owe it allegiance, and whose rights, within its jurisdiction, it must protect.

The same person may be at the same time a citizen of the United States and a Citizen of a State, but his rights of citizenship under one of these governments will be different from those he has under the other."

- Slaughter House Cases United States vs. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1875).

"THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT IS A FOREIGN CORPORATION WITH RESPECT TO A STATE."

[emphasis added] Volume 20: Corpus Juris Sec. §1785: NY re: Merriam 36 N.E. 505 1441 S. Ct. 1973, 41 L.Ed.287

This is further confirmed by the following quote from the Internal Revenue Service:

Federal jurisdiction "includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa."

- Internal Revenue Code Section 312(e).

In legal terminology, the word "includes" means "is limited to".

When referring to this "District" United States, the Internal Revenue Code uses the term "WITHIN" the United States. When referring to the several States, the Internal Revenue Code uses the term "WITHOUT" the United States.

Dozens, perhaps hundreds, of court cases prove that federal jurisdiction is limited to the few federal territory areas above indicated.

For example, in two Supreme Court cases, it was decided:

"The laws of Congress in respect to those matters do not extend into the territorial limits of the states, but have force only in the District of Columbia, and other places that are within the exclusive jurisdiction of the national government."

Caha v. United States, 152 U.S., at 215.

"We think a proper examination of this subject will show that the United States never held any municipal sovereignty, jurisdiction, or right of soil in and to the territory, of which Alabama or any of the new States were formed…”

"Because, the United States have no constitutional capacity to exercise municipal jurisdiction, sovereignty, or eminent domain, within the limits of a State or elsewhere, except in the cases in which it is expressly granted."

"Alabama is therefore entitled to the sovereignty and jurisdiction over all the territory within her limits, subject to the common law."

Pollard v. Hagan, 44 U.S. 221, 223, 228, 229.

Likewise, Title 18 of the United States Code at 57 specifies that the "territorial jurisdiction" of the United States extends only outside the boundaries of lands belonging to any of the several States.

Therefore, in addition to the fact that no unrevealed federal contract can obligate me to perform in any manner without my fully informed and uncoerced consent, likewise, no federal statutes or regulations apply to me or have any jurisdiction over me. I hereby affirm that I do not reside or work in any federal territory of the "District United States, and therefore no U.S. federal government statutes or regulations have any authority over me.

POWERS AND CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS OF UNITED STATES AND STATE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS

All United States and State government officials are hereby put on notice that I expect them to have recorded valid Oaths of Office in accordance with the

U.S. Constitution, Article VI:

"The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution…”

I understand by their Oaths of Office that all U.S. and State government officials are contractually bound by the U.S. Constitution as formulated by its framers, and not as "interpreted, " subverted, or corrupted by the U.S. Supreme Court or other courts.

According to the 9th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution:

"The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people."

and the 10th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution:

"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."

Thus, my understanding from these Amendments is that the powers of all U.S. and State government officials are limited to those specifically granted by the U.S. Constitution.

I further understand that any laws, statutes, ordinances, regulations, rules, and procedures contrary to the U.S. Constitution, as written by its framers, are null and void, as expressed in the

Sixteenth American Jurisprudence, Second Edition, Section 177:

"The general misconception is that any statute passed by legislators bearing the appearance of law constitutes the law of the land. If the U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and any statute, to be valid, must be in agreement. It is impossible for both the Constitution and a law violating it to be valid; one must prevail."

This is succinctly stated as follows:

'The general rule is that an unconstitutional statute, though having the form and name of law, is in reality no law, but is wholly void, and ineffective for any purpose; since unconstitutionality dates from the time of its enactment, and not merely from the date of the decision so branding it. An unconstitutional law, in legal contemplation, is as inoperative as if it had never been passed. Such a statute leaves the question that it purports to settle just as it would be had the statute not been enacted.'

'Since an unconstitutional law is void, the general principles follow that it imposes no duties, confers no right, creates no office, bestows no power or authority on anyone, affords no protection, and justifies no acts performed under it…’

'A void act cannot be legally consistent with a valid one. An unconstitutional law cannot operate to supersede any existing valid law. Indeed, insofar as a statute runs counter to the fundamental law of the land, it is superseded thereby.'

'No one is bound to obey an unconstitutional law and no courts are bound to enforce it.'

and as expressed once again in Article VI of the U.S. Constitution:

"This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.”

All U.S. and State government officials are therefore hereby put on notice that any violations of their contractual obligations to act in accordance with their U.S. Constitution, may result in prosecution to the full extent of the law, as well as the application of all available legal remedies to recover damages suffered by any parties damaged by any actions of U.S. and State government officials in violation of the U.S. Constitution.

REVOCATION OF POWER OF ATTORNEY

Furthermore, I hereby revoke, rescind, and make void ab initio, all powers of attorney, in fact or other-wise, implied in law or otherwise, signed either by me or anyone else, as it pertains to the Social Security number assigned to me, Raymond: Groves Jr, as it pertains to my birth certificate, marriage or business license, or any other licenses or certificates issued by any and all government or quasi-governmental entities, due to the use of various elements of fraud by said agencies to attempt to deprive me of my Sovereignty and/or property.

I hereby waive, cancel, repudiate, and refuse to knowingly accept any alleged "benefit" or gratuity associated with any of the aforementioned licenses, numbers, or certificates. I do hereby revoke and rescind all powers of attorney, in fact or otherwise, signed by me or otherwise, implied in law or otherwise, with or without my consent or knowledge, as it pertains to any and all property, real or personal, corporeal or incorporeal, obtained in the past, present, or future. I am the sole and absolute legal owner and possess allodial title to any and all such property.

Take Notice that I also revoke, cancel, and make void ab initio all powers of attorney, in fact, in presumption, or otherwise, signed either by me or anyone else, claiming to act on my behalf, with or without my consent, as such power of attorney pertains to me or any property owned by me, by, but not limited to, any and all quasi/colorable, public, governmental entities or corporations on the grounds of constructive fraud, concealment, and nondisclosure of pertinent facts.

I affirm that all of the foregoing is true and correct.

I affirm that I am of lawful age and am competent to make this Affidavit. I hereby affix my own autograph to all of the affirmations in this entire document with explicit reservation of all my unalienable rights and my specific common law right not to be bound by any contract or obligation which I have not entered into knowingly, willingly, voluntarily, and without misrepresentation, coercion, or duress.

FURTHER AFFIANT SAITH NOT.

RAYMOND GROVES JR.

Raymond: Groves Jr. (c) LS, Authorized Representative/Attorney-In-Fact for:

Acknowledgement By Publication

NON-CORPORATE EXISTENCE

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